Preface.
Introduction to Forensic Anthropology.
The Basic Problem.
The Discipline of Forensic Anthroplogy.
I. SKELETAL ANATOMY.
1. Introduction to Human Osteology.
Why Learn Human Osteology.
What to Expect from a Human Osteology Course.
Tissues.
Directional and Sectional Terms for the Human Body.
Osteological Terms.
2. The Skull: Cranium, Mandible, and Hyoid.
Bone Recognition.
Sex Differentiation.
Racial Analysis.
Anthropometry.
The Hyoid.
3. The Shoulder and Chest (Thorax): Clavicle, Scapula, and Ribs.
The Shoulder Girdle.
The Clavicle.
The Scapula.
The Ribs.
The Sternum.
4. The Vertebral Column.
Overview of Vertebral Sections.
Reassembling the Vertebral Column.
The Aging Vertebral Body.
5. The Arm: Humerus, Radius, and Ulna.
The Humerus.
The Forearm.
6. The Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges.
Carpal Bones.
Metacarpal Bones.
Phalanges of the Hand.
7. The Pelvis (Hip): The Innominate, Composed of the Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.
The Structure of the Innominate.
Side Differences and Specific Structures of the Pelvis.
Age Differences in the Male Pubic Symphysis.
8. The Leg: Femur, Tibia, Fibula, and Patella.
The Femur.
The Tibia.
The Fibula.
The Patella.
Sexual Differences in the Bones of the Leg.
9. The Foot: Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges.
Tarsal Bones.
Metatarsal Bones.
Phalanges: A Finger-Toe Comparison.
10. Human Odontology (The Teeth).
Introduction to Odontology.
Tooth Structure.
Tooth Recognition.
Tips for Recognizing Similar Teeth.
Recognizing Racial Traits.
The Universal Numbering System.
Dental Aging.
Dentistry Terms.
Oral Disease.
The Effects of Long-Term Tooth Loss.
Dental Inventory Form.
II. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERFACE.
11. Introduction to the Forensic Sciences.
Physical Evidence.
Death Investigation Specialists.
Which Specialist-Forensic Pathologist, Forensic Anthropologist, or Crime Scene Investigator?
12. Laboratory Analysis.
Analysis.
Organization of Analysis.
Preparation for Analysis.
Skeletal Analysis and Description.
Analysis of Trauma.
The Stages of Bone Healing.
Disease Analysis.
A Final Review of the Data.
The Basics of Human Identification.
13. Field Methods.
Preparation for Field Work.
Antemortem Information.
Numbering System and Records.
Equipment and Supplies.
Burial Location and Scene Investigation.
The Excavation/Exhumation.
Excavation Methods.
Evidence Management.
Quality Check.
14. Professional Results.
Record Keeping.
Report Writing.
Basic Ethics.
Courtroom Testimony.
15. Human Rights Applications.
The Role of the Scientist in Human Rights Work.
The Contribution of Forensic Anthropology.
Participants in International Missions.
Planning Scientific Missions.
Types of Missions.
Follow-Up and Conclusion to the Missions.
Results of Missions.
The Future.
Appendix: Forensic Forms.
Glossary.
Bibliography.
Index.
